What Is Abnormal Uterine Bleeding & What Are Its Complications?

Dr.Madhulika Sinha, 3 mins read

Many women consider irregular or heavy periods as a normal part of life. So, they ignore them most of the time due to busy schedules, household responsibilities, or fear of visiting a doctor. But if bleeding is too heavy, lasts too long, or happens at unexpected times, they should consult a gynaecologist as this is not normal and should not be ignored. This condition is known as abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). It affects women of all ages and can seriously impact health and quality of life if left untreated.

What Is Abnormal Uterine Bleeding?

Abnormal uterine bleeding refers to any bleeding from the uterus that is different from a normal menstrual cycle. In this condition, a woman has very heavy menstrual bleeding and her periods will last more than 7 days. There is bleeding between periods and can be also after menopause.

A normal menstrual cycle usually occurs every 21 to 35 days and lasts 3 to 7 days. Any change in this pattern may be considered abnormal and needs medical evaluation.

Common Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

There are many possible causes of abnormal uterine bleeding, and these vary with age.

1. Hormonal imbalance: This is the most common cause in teenagers as well as women approaching menopause.
2. Uterine fibroids: These are generally non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy or prolonged bleeding.
3. Polyps: These are small growths in the uterus or cervix.
4. Adenomyosis: It is a condition where endometrial tissue grows into the muscle wall of the uterus.
5. Pregnancy-related problems: Such as miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy.
6. Infections: Pelvic infections can disturb normal bleeding.
7. Medications: Birth control pills, blood thinners, or hormonal treatments.
8. Cancer: In rare cases, cancers of the uterus or cervix can cause abnormal bleeding, mainly after menopause.

Symptoms to Watch Out For

Women with abnormal uterine bleeding may experience soaking pads or tampons every hour, passing large blood clots, feeling tired or weak or shortness of breath. They have irregular or unpredictable periods, bleeding after sexual intercourse and suffer from postmenopausal bleeding.

Complications of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

If abnormal uterine bleeding is not treated on time, it can lead to several health problems:

1. Anaemia: Heavy or prolonged bleeding can cause iron deficiency anemia, leading to weakness, fatigue, dizziness, and paleness. Severe anemia may require hospitalization or blood transfusion.
2. Impact on Daily Life: Constant bleeding can interfere with work, social life, travel, and emotional well-being. Many women experience stress, anxiety, and reduced confidence.
3. Fertility Problems: Certain causes of abnormal bleeding, such as hormonal imbalance or fibroids, can affect ovulation and make it difficult to conceive.
4. Pregnancy Complications: If AUB is linked to hormonal issues or uterine problems, it may increase the risk of miscarriage or pregnancy-related complications.
5. Delay in Detecting Serious Conditions: Ignoring abnormal bleeding can delay the diagnosis of uterine or cervical cancer, especially in women over 40 or after menopause.

How It Is Diagnosed?

Doctors diagnose AUB through detailed medical history, physical and pelvic examination, blood tests, ultrasound, hormonal tests and endometrial biopsy, if needed. Early diagnosis helps in choosing the right treatment.

Treatment and Management

Treatment depends on the cause, age, and overall health of the woman. The treatment options are following:

• Non- hormonal medications to control bleeding
• Iron supplements for anemia
• Hormonal therapy
• Minor surgical procedures
• Surgery in severe or resistant cases

Conclusion

Abnormal uterine bleeding is common but not normal. Early evaluation and proper treatment can prevent serious complications and improve quality of life. If you or your loved one is experiencing irregular or heavy bleeding, it is important to consult a gynaecologist. At Aakash Healthcare Super Speciality Hospital, experienced gynaecologists and advanced diagnostic facilities ensure accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment for women’s health issues.