LIVER BLEMS IN BABIES & CHILDREN: SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, AND WHEN TO SEEK HELP

Dr.Saurabh Singhal, 3 mins read

Does your baby or child often appear tired and weak? Do they frequently complain of abdominal pain or show a reduced appetite? If these symptoms persist for several days, they should not be ignored, as they may indicate an underlying liver condition.

Liver diseases in children have become increasingly common over the past few years. In India, nearly one in three children suffer from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Early detection and timely medical intervention can significantly improve outcomes for children with liver disorders.

Understanding the Liver and Its Functions

The liver is one of the most vital organs in the body, responsible for over 500 essential functions. Located in the upper right side of the abdomen, it plays a crucial role in:

• Regulating chemical levels in the blood
• Producing bile to aid digestion and nutrient absorption
• Storing energy in the form of glycogen
• Filtering toxins and waste from the bloodstream
• Supporting immunity and metabolism

When the liver is not functioning properly, it can lead to serious health complications, especially in children.

What Is Liver Disease?

Liver disease refers to any condition that impairs the liver’s ability to function properly. It can be either:

• Genetic (Inherited) – Passed down from parents due to genetic mutations.
• Acquired – Developed due to infections, unhealthy lifestyle choices, or exposure to harmful substances.

Common Liver Diseases in Children

• Jaundice

Jaundice is a common condition in newborns that causes yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. It occurs when there is an excessive buildup of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced from the breakdown of red blood cells. While mild jaundice in newborns often resolves on its own, prolonged jaundice or severe cases may indicate an underlying liver issue.

• Cholestasis

Cholestasis occurs when the flow of bile is reduced or blocked, either due to bile duct obstruction or the liver’s inability to produce enough bile. This can impair the absorption of nutrients and lead to poor weight gain, growth issues, and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies.

• Liver Enlargement (Hepatomegaly)

A liver that is larger than normal can be a sign of infection, metabolic disorders, or more severe liver diseases such as cirrhosis. Symptoms may include abdominal discomfort, fullness, or swelling.

• Portal Hypertension

This condition involves increased blood pressure in the portal vein, which carries blood from the intestines to the liver. It occurs due to obstruction or resistance to blood flow within the liver. This can lead to complications such as the development of abnormal blood vessels that bypass the liver, allowing toxins to enter the bloodstream.

• Esophageal Varices

Esophageal varices are enlarged blood vessels in the lower esophagus that develop due to severe liver disease. These fragile vessels are at risk of rupturing, leading to life-threatening internal bleeding. Symptoms include vomiting blood or passing black, tarry stools.

Warning Signs of Liver Disease in Babies & Children

Early detection is key to managing liver diseases effectively. Parents should be alert to the following symptoms:

• Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
• Fatigue and weakness
• Persistent abdominal pain or swelling
• Swollen abdomen due to fluid buildup
• Nausea or frequent vomiting
• Loss of appetite and poor weight gain
• Grey, pale, or clay-coloured stools
• Dark yellow urine
• Blood in stools or vomiting
• Irritability, confusion, or changes in sleep patterns
• Itching without a rash
• Digestive problems and bloating

When to See a Doctor

If your child exhibits any of the above symptoms, especially prolonged jaundice, abdominal swelling, vomiting blood, or unexplained weight loss, seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and intervention can prevent complications and improve long-term health outcomes.

Final Thoughts

Liver diseases in children can range from mild to life-threatening conditions. Parents must remain vigilant and consult a pediatric liver specialist if they notice any warning signs. With timely medical care, dietary modifications, and proper treatment, many liver conditions can be effectively managed, ensuring a healthier future for children.