What to Expect After a Bone Marrow Transplant: An Ultimate Guide

Dr.Roshan Dikshit, 2 mins read

A bone marrow transplant (BMT) is a life-saving procedure that replaces unhealthy bone marrow with healthy stem cells. It is commonly used to treat certain cancers and blood-related disorders, helping to restore normal blood cell production.

BMT is an effective treatment for various blood, bone marrow, and immune system diseases. These include:

• Leukemia
• Lymphoma
• Multiple Myeloma
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Multiple Sclerosis

Patients with non-cancerous diseases often have higher success rates, particularly if a close family member serves as the donor. Success rates for these cases range from 75% to 90%, depending on individual circumstances.

What to Expect After a Bone Marrow Transplant

• Hospital Stay: Most patients remain hospitalized for a few weeks, though the duration varies based on the type of transplant and potential complications.
• Short-Term Side Effects: Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, loss of appetite, mouth sores, hair loss, and skin reactions.
• Low Blood Cell Counts: Blood cell levels will drop initially, requiring regular blood and platelet transfusions. Recovery may take weeks to months.
• Increased Infection Risk: Patients are at a high risk of infection for several months to years post-transplant. Regular temperature checks and immediate reporting of fevers to the medical team are essential.
• Bleeding Risk: A low platelet count increases the risk of bleeding and bruising.
• Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD): For those receiving donor marrow, GVHD is a potential complication. Monitor for symptoms and follow your healthcare provider’s advice.
• Regular Blood Tests and Monitoring: Frequent blood tests and other diagnostics ensure your condition is closely monitored.
• Mental Health Challenges: Patients may experience a range of emotions, including gratitude, stress, and anxiety. Support from family, friends, and mental health professionals can help.
• Dietary Guidelines: Avoid raw meat, poultry, and fish. Practice proper hand hygiene before and after handling food.
• Oral Health: Keep dentures clean to prevent infections. Adjustments may be necessary post-transplant.

Follow-Up Care After a Bone Marrow Transplant

Long-term follow-up is vital to ensure the new bone marrow functions correctly and to detect any complications. Tests commonly include:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Checks for abnormal blood cell levels.
• Blood Chemistry Tests: Assess organ function.
• Imaging Tests: Includes chest X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasounds to monitor organ health.
• Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy: Performed as needed based on blood test results or new symptoms.
  The transplant team will continue to monitor your condition for years to ensure your recovery is on track.

Takeaway!

Aakash Healthcare Super Speciality Hospital, Dwarka, is among the top hospitals of Delhi whose experienced team provides the best advice, care, and support for bone marrow transplant patients. Contact us today to learn more about your treatment options and start your journey towards recovery.