Uterine Artery Embolisation for Fibroids

Dr.Abhishek Bansal, 3 mins read

Uterine artery embolisation (UAE) is one of the best treatments for fibroids without surgery. It involves injecting small particles called embolic agents into the arteries that supply blood to the fibroids. These small particles cut off the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink and die gradually.

Nearly 90% of women get partial or complete relief with UAE and are able to join normal activities in 3 to 5 days. Continue reading to understand the procedure, benefits, and potential risks of UAE for fibroid treatment.

What are uterine fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that cause heavy or irregular menstrual cycles, pelvic pain, pressure, pain during sex, and inability to conceive, which can significantly impact women’s quality of life. They usually develop in women of fertile age groups.
What is Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE)?
UAE is a non-surgical procedure that cuts off blood supply to fibroids, causing them to shrink and eventually die.

Before procedure

An interventional radiologist will review your condition and advise you on a combination of a few tests, which may include an ultrasound and MRI of the pelvis for better evaluation of the fibroids.

During procedure

You'll be taken to an Intervention Radiology Suite where you’ll receive local anaesthesia/mild sedation/nerve block injection. Using imaging guidance, the doctor will then insert a thin catheter into the femoral/radial artery. Once the catheter reaches the target area, it delivers the embolic agents to block the blood flow to the fibroids. Post-procedure, the catheter will be removed and a bandage will be applied at the access site.

After procedure

You will be advised to rest for a few hours. You may stay overnight in the hospital or go home the same day depending on your condition. During discharge from the hospital, you'll be prescribed pain medications and antibiotics. At home, you may experience:

Pelvic pain for the first 24 hours.
Watery or mucus-like discharge for some weeks.
No menstrual periods for a few cycles. After resumption, the amount of blood may be less than normal. The amount will gradually become normal in the next cycles.

Most patients get complete relief from symptoms like bleeding, pressure and pain in two to three weeks. If you experience any other symptoms or complications, discuss them with your doctor.

Benefits

Minimally invasive: It is a non-surgical procedure, requiring a pin-hole-like entry point, meaning freedom from surgical scars/sutures. This reduces the recovery time and risk of complications.

Effective: UAE has a high success rate - nearly 90% - in reducing symptoms.

Low risks: It generally has fewer complications compared to traditional surgery.

Quick recovery: Most women return to normal activities within 3 to 5 days.
Less blood loss during and after the procedure.

Potential risks and complications

Like any procedure, UAE is also associated with some risks. However, these risks can be reduced by choosing an expert Interventional Radiology Team.

Improperly inserting the catheter can damage the other blood vessels or cause infection.
Rarely, embolic agents can cause allergic reactions which can be managed with medications.
Post-procedure some patients complain of temporary pelvic pain, cramping, or nausea.
Some women experience hot flashes or vaginal dryness for some weeks.

Who is a good candidate for UAE?

Women with symptomatic and multiple fibroids
Those seeking a non-surgical treatment option
Patients with significant bleeding or pelvic pressure
Those who want to keep the uterus

FAQs

Q: Is UAE suitable for women wanting to get pregnant?
A: UAE is a safe procedure and does not preclude the chances of a future pregnancy. However, a discussion is required to understand the future pregnancy plans and decide upon a treatment course accordingly.

Q: Can UAE treat all types of fibroids?
A: UAE is a widely accepted treatment option for symptomatic fibroids. It is most effective for treating intramural fibroids. Submucosal fibroids may also respond well to UAE. However, pedunculated fibroids may require alternative treatments.

Q: How long does UAE procedure take?
A: Uterine artery embolisation usually takes around 30-90 minutes, depending on the complexity of the case.

If you are considering undergoing uterine artery embolisation or want more information about this procedure, consult our experts. We have state-of-the-art technology and a team of experienced interventional radiologists who have expertise in UAE.