Hole in the Heart: Frequently Asked Questions

Dr.Khushwant Popli, 3 mins read

What is a hole in the heart?

A hole in the heart, also known as a congenital heart defect, is a structural abnormality of the heart. It occurs during fetal development and is counted among the common heart defects in newborns.

What are the symptoms of a hole in the heart?

The symptoms depend on the size and location of the hole. Here are the common ones:

• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
• Fatigue or feeling tired easily
• Heart murmurs
• Frequent respiratory infections
• Swelling in the legs, feet, or abdomen
• Cyanosis (blue tint to skin)
• Poor weight gain or slow growth in infants

What are the different types of holes in the heart?

• Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): A hole between the upper chambers (atria)
• Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): A hole between the lower chambers (ventricles)
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA): A persistent opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

Can a hole in the heart cause complications?

Yes, if left untreated, a hole in the heart can lead to severe complications, such as:

• Heart failure
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Arrhythmias
• Endocarditis (infection of the heart's inner lining)
• Stroke

How to prevent complications from a hole in the heart?

To prevent complications from a hole in the heart, early detection and treatment are crucial. In addition, regular follow-up visits, medications, and lifestyle modifications can help optimise overall health and well-being.

How is a hole in the heart diagnosed?

Diagnosis of the hole in the heart typically involves imaging tests, such as:

• Echocardiogram 
• Chest X-ray
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Cardiac MRI
• CT scan

Can a hole in the heart be cured?

The good news is that most small holes close naturally without intervention, especially in children. However, if the hole doesn't close spontaneously and affects the growth and development of the children, then medical intervention is needed. If your doctor recommends surgery, it is best to get it done as soon as possible. These days, surgery has a high success rate and helps children live a normal life like their peers. 

What are the treatment options for a hole in the heart?

Treatment depends on the size and severity of the defect:

Small holes:

Small holes in the heart may close on their own and may not cause any problem. In such cases, regular monitoring is needed to check whether they need any medical or surgical treatment.

Medium and large holes:

Medium and large holes in the heart require proper medical attention. Based on the severity, your doctor may recommend you: 

• Medications to manage symptoms and prevent complications
• Catheter-based minimally invasive procedures to close medium-sized holes
• Open-heart surgery to close larger defects or those that can't be repaired with catheter-based procedures

What lifestyle changes can help manage a hole in the heart?

• Maintain a healthy weight
• Avoid strenuous activities
• Manage stress
• Follow a balanced diet

Is heart hole surgery safe?

Heart hole surgery is generally safe and effective and has a success rate of over 98%. However, like any other surgery, this surgery also carries some risks like bleeding, infection, and abnormal heart rhythms. That’s why it’s essential to select an experienced surgeon to minimise complications and enhance the result.