Why Understanding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is Important

Dr.Monika Sharma, 3 mins read

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and usually goes away after childbirth. Just because it is a temporary condition, it doesn’t mean that it should be ignored. Understanding and management of GDM is necessary for both the mother and baby’s health as it can lead to complications, if not managed properly.

In India, the prevalence of GDM in expected mothers is estimated to be between 10-14.3%, with urban areas showing a higher prevalence (17.8%) compared to semi-urban (13.8%) and rural areas (9.9%).

What is GDM?

GDM is a medical condition which occurs when the body becomes insulin resistant to regulate blood sugar levels during pregnancy. This can lead to high blood sugar, which can affect both the mother and the baby. The exact cause of GDM is not always clear, however, hormonal changes during pregnancy play a significant role in reducing the effectiveness of insulin.

Risk Factors:

• Obesity (Maternal)
• Family history of diabetes
• Polycystic ovary syndrome in mother
• Previous history of GDM

Why Understanding GDM is Important?

Knowledge of GDM is important because it is a common pregnancy complication that can lead to serious health risks for both the mother and baby, and early detection and management can significantly improve outcomes. This is discussed under the following points:

1. Protection of mother’s health

If the sugar level of an expecting mother is left unchecked, GDM can increase the mother’s risk of developing high blood pressure, preeclampsia, and even Type 2 diabetes later in life. Monitoring and managing blood sugar levels can help prevent these complications and ensure a healthier pregnancy.

2. For maintenance of baby’s well-being

High blood sugar in the mother can lead to excessive growth of the baby, which may cause complications during delivery, such as the need for a C-section. Babies born to mothers with GDM may also have a higher risk of low blood sugar after birth, respiratory issues, and obesity later in life.

3. Reduces long-term health risks

Mothers who have had GDM are at a higher risk of developing Type 2 diabetes in the future. Similarly, their children may also be at risk of obesity and diabetes. Understanding and managing GDM can help both the mother and child maintain better health in the long run.

Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus:

Below are some important steps to manage GDM:

Eating healthy food: A balanced diet rich in fiber, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help control blood sugar levels. Avoiding sugary foods and refined carbohydrates is essential.

Regular exercise: Moderate physical activity, such as walking or prenatal yoga, helps the body use insulin more effectively and keeps blood sugar levels stable.

Blood sugar monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels ensures that the pregnant women stay within a healthy range, reducing the risk of complications.

Medical support: In some of the cases, insulin or other medications may be required. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are important for monitoring progress.

Conclusion:

GDM may be temporary, but its impact can last a lifetime if not managed properly. With information on GDM, expecting mothers can take proactive steps to protect their health and well-being of their babies. If you have any queries regarding GDM, consult our experts at Aakash Healthcare Super Speciality Hospital, Dwarka, New Delhi.