Hiatal Hernia: Causes, Warning Signs & Modern Treatment

Dr.Rajesh Valeja, 3 mins read

In the present time, many people experience heartburn, acidity and discomfort after meals. We often ignore these symptoms as these are supposed to be minor digestive issues caused by stress or unhealthy eating. However, in some cases, these problems may be signs of a condition called hiatal hernia. Although it sounds serious and is quite common among middle-aged and older adults. 

In this blog we have tried to  make you aware about the causes of hiatal hernia, how to recognize it early, and what modern treatments are available can help prevent complications and improve quality of life.

What Is a Hiatal Hernia?

A hiatal hernia occurs when a part of the stomach pushes upward through the diaphragm, the large muscle separating the chest from the abdomen. Normally, the stomach sits completely below the diaphragm, but in this condition, a part of it slips through an opening called the hiatus into the chest cavity. This abnormal movement can lead to symptoms of acid reflux and other digestive issues. 

Types of Hiatal Hernia

1. Sliding Hiatal Hernia: This is the most common type, where the stomach and lower oesophagus slide up into the chest temporarily, particularly during swallowing or pressure changes.
2. Paraesophageal (Fixed) Hernia: This is a less common but more serious type where part of the stomach pushes up beside the esophagus and stays there. It may restrict blood flow and require medical intervention.

Common Causes and Risk Factors

Weakening of the diaphragm muscles due to aging is one of the main causes. Other contributing factors include:

• Chronic coughing or straining during bowel movements
• Obesity, which increases pressure on the abdomen
• Pregnancy, due to hormonal changes and abdominal pressure
• Injury or surgery in the chest or upper abdomen
• Genetic factors, making some people more prone to muscle weakness

Signs and Symptoms

Many people with small hiatal hernias may not notice any symptoms. However, larger hernias can cause:

• Persistent heartburn or acid reflux
• Chest pain or burning sensation, especially after eating
• Difficulty in swallowing
• Frequent burping, hiccups, or regurgitation of food
• Shortness of breath or a feeling of fullness soon after meals

Diagnosis & Modern Treatment Options:

Doctors often diagnose hiatal hernia using imaging tests such as an X-ray with barium swallow, endoscopy, or CT scan. These help visualize the hernia’s size and position, and rule out other conditions.

Treatment of hiatal hernia depends on the type and severity of the hernia.

• Lifestyle and Dietary Changes: Eating smaller meals, avoiding spicy and acidic foods, maintaining healthy weight, and not lying down right after eating can ease symptoms.
• Medications: Antacids, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and H2 blockers can reduce acid production and relieve discomfort.
• Surgery: For large or complicated hernias, minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery can repair the diaphragm opening and reposition the stomach. This modern technique offers quicker recovery and fewer complications.

Takeaway!

Hiatal hernia is manageable when detected early. Paying attention to persistent digestive symptoms and consulting a doctor can make a big difference. With timely diagnosis and modern treatments, most people can lead a completely normal, comfortable life free from chronic acidity and discomfort.