Congenital heart defect life expectancy in adults

Dr.Gaurav Kumar , 3 mins read

With the advent of medical technology and treatment strategies, the life expectancy of adults with congenital heart defects (CHDs) has improved significantly. Typically, over 95% of nonsevere and 69% of severe patients can survive to more than 18 years of age. With the right treatment and management, a significant proportion of these people can live beyond 60 years of age.

What is a congenital heart defect?

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are structural abnormalities in the heart that are present at birth. This problem can affect the heart’s ability to function properly, leading to various complications. Such problems include:

• A hole in the heart wall
• Problem with heart valves
• Problem with blood vessels (too many or too few, slow blood flow and blood flow in the wrong direction or place) 

The exact causes of CHDs are unknown. However, some studies suggest that environmental (Health, diet, and care of the mother during pregnancy) and genetic factors contribute to 20% to 30% of these cases. A few studies have also linked certain drugs and smoking to congenital heart defects.  

In general, simple CHD cases may be managed with medical management. However, some can be life-threatening and may require surgical intervention and proper monitoring. Most of these defects are diagnosed during pregnancy or after birth. Unfortunately, some people get the diagnosis in their childhood, adolescence, or adulthood.  

Factors influencing life expectancy

Several factors contribute to determining the life expectancy of individuals with CHDs, including:

• Severity of the defect: This factor plays a huge role in determining the prognosis. Minor defects generally have higher life expectancy than complex ones, which may require extensive medical intervention.
• Timely diagnosis and treatment: The role of early diagnosis can never be neglected. An early diagnosis means more treatment options and better outcomes. Its usual treatment includes medications, surgical procedures, and lifestyle modifications, which can help mitigate complications and improve quality of life.
• Associated complications: CHDs can gradually cause various complications, such as pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmias, and heart valve problems, if not addressed promptly. Managing these issues effectively and on time is crucial in enhancing life expectancy in adults with congenital heart defects.
• Overall health status: The patient's overall health status, including factors like age, comorbidities, lifestyle, and adherence to treatment plans, also has a significant impact on life expectancy.

Life expectancy with congenital heart disease

The life expectancy for individuals with CHDs varies widely depending on the specific heart defect and its severity. Today, individuals with congenital heart disease can age well into adulthood and expect a happy life with the right treatment approach.

According to the Centres for Disease Control & Prevention, approximately 97% of babies with mild to moderate CHDs survive to 1 year of age. Out of them, 95% live to 18 years of age or above. 

Talking about severe cases, 75% of babies live to 1 year of age, and 69% survive to 18 years of age or above.

Treatment Options

Treatment for CHDs depends on the specific defect and its severity. Options may include:

• Medications: To manage symptoms and prevent complications
• Surgical Interventions: To repair or replace damaged heart structures
• Lifestyle Modifications: To promote heart health and reduce the risk of complications

Is Congenital Heart Disease Curable?

While some of the congenital heart diseases can be treated with surgery or other interventions, others may require ongoing management and monitoring. But the good news is that with proper care and treatment, most patients can lead fulfilling lives.

If you know someone suffering from congenital heart defects and is unsure about the treatment, get a consultation with our expert team of cardiac doctors. With advanced diagnostic equipment and cutting-edge treatment options, from medical to surgical, we are here to help you out.