Common Childhood Illnesses in India: Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment

Dr.Gaurav Jain, 3 mins read

Childhood is a phase of growth and development, learning and fun. But during this stage of growth and development, children easily fall sick because their immune systems are still developing. In India, many children face common illnesses, particularly in areas with poor hygiene, crowded living conditions, and limited access to healthcare. This blog is helpful for the parents and caregivers who want to get information about these illnesses, so that they can provide better care for their children.

Now let us explore some of the most common childhood illnesses which are seen in Indian population:

1. Diarrhea

Diarrhea is one of the most common and leading causes of illness and death among children in India. It is usually caused by contaminated food or water. In this, children pass loose or watery stools many times a day, which leads to dehydration. If it is not treated on time, it can become serious.

Prevention:

1. Give clean and safe drinking water
   
2. Wash hands before eating and after using the toilet
   
3. Avoid street food and unwashed fruits
   
4. Breastfeed infants for the first 6 months
   

Treatment:

• Give Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)
  
• Continue feeding and fluids
  
• If the child shows signs of weakness or fever, consult a doctor
  

2. Respiratory Infections (Cough and Cold)

Common colds and coughs are frequent among children, particularly during the winter or rainy seasons. These are caused mainly by viruses and usually spread through cough droplets, dirty hands, or touching contaminated surfaces. 

Prevention:

Teach your child

1. To cover their mouth while coughing or sneezing
2. Wash hands frequently
3. Avoid close contact with sick people
   

Treatment:

• Give warm fluids and rest
  
• Use steam or a humidifier for blocked nose
  
• Consult a doctor if the fever is high or the child has trouble breathing
  

3. Pneumonia

Pneumonia is a serious lung infection that affects many children in India. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Symptoms include high fever, fast breathing, cough, chest pain, and weakness. If not treated, it can be life-threatening.

Prevention:

1. Ensure the child is vaccinated (especially with PCV vaccine)
   
2. Keep the child warm during winters
   
3. Avoid smoking near children
   

Treatment:

• Antibiotics (if caused by bacteria)
  
• Hospital care in severe cases
  

4. Malnutrition

Malnutrition is not a disease, but it weakens the child's body and makes them more likely to fall sick. In India, many children suffer from undernutrition due to lack of proper food.

The signs and symptoms of malnutrition are weakness, low energy, stunted growth, thin arms and legs and frequent infections.

Prevention:

1. Give balanced and nutritious meals
   
2. Promote breastfeeding
   
3. Provide iron, vitamins, and protein-rich foods
   

Treatment:

• Nutritional therapy
  
• Supplements as advised by doctors
  

5. Skin Infections

Children often get skin infections like rashes, ringworm, or scabies. These are caused by bacteria, fungi, or mites, especially in hot and humid weather or in unhygienic conditions.

Prevention:

1. Keep skin clean and dry
   
2. Bathe regularly with clean water
   
3. Avoid sharing towels and clothes
   

Treatment:

• Antifungal or antibacterial creams
  
• Medicines for itching or inflammation
  

6. Intestinal Infections

Intestinal worms are common in children who play barefoot or eat food without washing hands. Worms can cause stomach pain, poor appetite, weight loss, and anemia.

Prevention:

1. Deworming tablets every 6 months (as per doctor’s advice)
   
2. Maintain hygiene and wash hands regularly
   

Conclusion

Most childhood illnesses can be prevented with good hygiene, proper nutrition, and timely vaccination. Parents should not ignore early signs of illness and should consult a doctor when needed. Healthy children grow up to be healthy adults, and it is our responsibility to give them a safe and caring environment to grow in. If you have any queries related to the growth and development and the childhood illnesses, you can visit Aakash Healthcare Super Speciality Hospital, Dwarka, as it has one of the best pediatricians in New Delhi.