Fatty Liver Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

Dr.Sharad Malhotra, 2 mins read

Fatty liver disease (steatosis) is a condition in which there is excessive fat accumulation in the liver. It is commonly divided into two types: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). If left untreated, fatty liver can lead to more severe liver conditions, such as cirrhosis and liver failure. Recognising symptoms and understanding of diagnosis and treatment options are essential for managing this condition effectively.

Causes of fatty liver disease

Eating excess calories causes fat to build up in the liver. When the liver does not process and break down fats as it normally should, too much fat will accumulate. People tend to develop fatty liver if they have certain other conditions, such as obesity, diabetes or high triglycerides.

Alcohol abuse, rapid unmonitored weight loss and malnutrition may also lead to fatty liver. However, some people develop fatty liver even if they have none of these conditions.

Risk factors

• obesity (body mass index above 30)
• diabetes
• elevated triglyceride levels
• Sedentary lifestyle

Symptoms of fatty liver disease:

Fatty liver disease usually doesn’t cause symptoms. People who have symptoms may:

• feel tired or generally unwell
• have pain in the upper right part of their abdomen
• Weight gain

In serious fatty liver disease, patient has:

• yellow eyes and skin (jaundice)
• bruising
• dark urine
• swollen tummy
• vomiting blood
• black stools
• itchy skin

Diagnosis:

Early diagnosis of fatty liver disease is important to prevent complications. Common of the diagnostic methods  are following:

1. Medical History and Physical Exam: Doctors assess lifestyle habits, alcohol consumption, and risk factors.
2. Blood Tests: Liver function tests measure enzyme levels to detect abnormalities, sugar and lipid profile.
3. Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI scans can help visualize fat accumulation in the liver.
4. Liver Biopsy: In severe cases, a liver biopsy may be performed to check the extent of liver damage.

Treatment Options:

Although, there is no specific medication for fatty liver disease, but lifestyle modifications and medical management play an important role:

1. Lifestyle Changes: A healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight loss can help reverse fatty liver.
2. Medications: Certain medications, such as those for diabetes or cholesterol management, may support liver health. Also, medicines for fatty liver in selective cases.
3. Antioxidants: Vitamin E and other antioxidants have been studied for their potential benefits in reducing liver inflammation.
4. Medical Monitoring: Regular check-ups and liver function tests help track disease progression and effectiveness of interventions.
5. Surgical Interventions: In severe cases, procedures such as bariatric surgery for obesity-related FLD or liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease may be necessary.

Conclusion:

Fatty liver disease is a growing health concern, but it can often be prevented and managed through lifestyle modifications and medical supervision. Early diagnosis and intervention play a vital role in avoiding serious complications. Individuals should prioritize liver health by adopting a balanced diet, maintaining an active lifestyle, and seeking medical advice when necessary.