Infectious Diseases: Understanding Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Strategies

Dr.Prabhat Sinha, 4 mins read

We often get in contact with germs and microorganisms. Many of them are harmless and some are even helpful. But some can cause disease. Covid-19, malaria, typhoid, tuberculosis, hepatitis, diarrhoea and influenza (flu) are the top infectious diseases in India. 

Symptoms

Each infectious disease produces its specific signs and symptoms. But most have some similar symptoms:

• Fever
• Diarrhoea
• Coughing
• Fatigue
• Muscle aches

Common Causes

• Bacteria
• Virus
• Fungi
• Parasites

Some infectious diseases are transmittable through persons, animals, insects, food, water, air and substances.

Complications

Most infectious diseases have minor complications, but some, like pneumonia and AIDS, can affect overall well-being. Some may become silent and appear again in the future - sometimes even after decades. For example, someone affected with chickenpox may develop shingles in future. 

Treatment

The treatment is based on the organism causing the infection. For example, antibiotics are prescribed for diseases caused by bacteria. Those caused by fungi are treated with antifungals and viral infections are treated with antiviral medications. If you notice symptoms of any infectious disease, consult a doctor.

Prevention

• Avoid exposure to contaminated areas and use a face mask.
• Wash your hands before eating and touching your eyes, nose and mouth.
• Get recommended vaccinations on time.
• Practice safe sex to avoid transmission of infections.
• Stay home when sick.
• Don’t share your personal items, like toothbrush, comb and razor.

Takeaway!

Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms. The most common causes are bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. The symptoms and treatment are based on the severity of the disease and its cause. If you experience difficulty breathing, rash, swelling, severe headache along with fever, cough and/or sudden vision problems, consult a doctor immediately.  

The doctor will evaluate your condition and may advise some tests. Based on that, he will prescribe you a treatment course. 

Also, Read: 8 Regular Health Checks You Should Get in Your 40s