HMPV Virus: Symptoms, Prevention, Mortality Rate, & Treatment

Dr.Rakesh Pandit, 4 mins read

The recent outbreak of HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) in China, followed by a few cases in India, is again making the headlines. Many believe it is similar to the COVID-19 virus, causing respiratory illness and symptoms like flu. This guide will discuss this infection in detail, including its symptoms, prevention, mortality rate, and treatment.

What Is HMPV Virus?

Human metapneumovirus is not a new virus. It has become more prominent nowadays because of the recent spike in cases in China.

HPMV usually causes symptoms like the common cold, causing upper and lower respiratory infections. Sometimes it also causes infections like pneumonia and worsens asthma and COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The infection is more common during winter and early spring.

What Are the Symptoms of HMPV Infection?

You may notice the symptoms after 3 to 6 days of getting the infection. The symptoms can range from mild cold to serious respiratory distress. Cough, cold, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, whizzing, shortness of breath, and rash are the common symptoms of HMPV infection.

What Causes an HMPV Infection?

HMPV virus belongs to the same group of viruses that cause mumps, measles, and RSV (Respiratory syncytial virus). This virus uses your body cells to make its replicas.

Is HMPV Infection Communicable?

Yes, HMPV infection spreads when an infected person sneezes or coughs and the other person inhales those droplets from the air. It also spreads through close contact with an infected person and touching an object contaminated with an HMPV virus.

Who Are More At Risk of HMPV Infection?

Human metapneumovirus can affect any age group, be it children, adults, or older individuals, with weak immunity. In the recent outbreak in China, HMPV has commonly affected children aged below 14 years. People having a history of lung disease, such as asthma, COPD, or emphysema, or who have recently undergone chemotherapy or organ transplants, are also at higher risk.

Is Human Metapneumovirus Similar to Covid-19?

The viruses that cause HMPV and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) belong to different viral families. That means they are not the same. However, they share some similarities:

• Symptoms: Fever, cough, wheezing, sore throat, and shortness of breath.
• Transmission: Spreads the same way - through close contact and contaminated objects.
• Target: Affect the respiratory system.
• Diagnosis: Both are diagnosed with a soft swab.
• Prevention: Wearing a mask and following social distancing, and hand hygiene can help.
• Vulnerability: Those with weakened immunity are at more risk.

How Severe Is HMPV Infection?

An untreated HMPV infection can lead to several complications like bronchiolitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma or COPD flare-ups, and ear infection (otitis media). It can also worsen a pre-existing respiratory problem.

How Is HMPV Infection Diagnosed?

HMPV diagnosis is somewhat similar to COVID-19 diagnosis. The doctor or nurse uses a soft-tipped stick (swab) to get a sample from your nose or throat. This sample is then sent for a lab test. Sometimes doctors also use bronchoscopy or chest X-rays to look for the changes in the airway.

Management and Treatment of HMPV Infection

There are no antiviral medications for it. The good news is that most people can manage HMPV infection at home under the guidance of a doctor. In severe cases, patients may need to be admitted for better care. Some severely ill patients may need oxygen therapy, IV fluids, or steroids.

How Long Does HMPV Infection Last?

Human metapneumovirus can last for a few days to a week. People with serious symptoms may take longer to feel better.

How to Care for Yourself at Home?

• Stay hydrated.
• Ensure hand hygiene.
• Eat a healthy & balanced diet.
• Stay active; consider deep breathing exercises and yoga.
• Take medications prescribed by your doctor.
• Isolate yourself to prevent its spread.
• Always wear a mask.
• Visit a doctor if you experience severe symptoms.

Prevention of HMPV Infection

• Wash your hands frequently with soap and running water, especially before touching your face, before and after eating, and after using the bathroom.
• Use alcohol-based sanitisers when outdoors.
• Make distance from sick people.
• Wear a mask in crowded areas.
• Don’t share your personal belongings with sick people.

Is There Any Vaccination for HMPV Infection?

Currently, there is no effective vaccine for HMPV infection. If you are having the symptoms mentioned above, visit a hospital and follow your doctor’s instructions.

Mortality Rate of HMPV Infection

HMPV infection can cause severe and fatal diseases in immunocompromised patients and children below 5 years. Thus, it is very important to consult your doctor whenever you notice HMPV symptoms and follow the complete treatment regimen.