Unexplained Weight Loss: Possible Medical Causes

Dr.Navneet Gill, 2 mins read

We have often seen where an individual experiences significant weight reduction without intentional changes to diet or physical activity. Trousers that once fit comfortably now require belts, and acquaintances inquire about undisclosed fitness regimens. Unexplained weight loss, defined as a loss of 5% or more of body weight over six months without lifestyle modifications, may appear advantageous but frequently signals an underlying health concern. Patients at Aakash Healthcare Super Specialty Hospital, Dwarka often come to us with similar concern which demand thorough investigation.

This blog explores the primary reasons for such occurrences.

Hyperthyroidism

One common cause is hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid gland produces excess hormones, accelerating metabolism. This results in heightened calorie expenditure, even during periods of rest. Accompanying symptoms include rapid heartbeat, tremors, excessive sweating, and persistent nervousness. Diagnostic confirmation through blood tests is essential for appropriate management.

Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes or poorly controlled type 2 diabetes represents another significant factor. Elevated blood glucose levels lead to urinary excretion of sugar, depriving cells of energy and causing unintended weight reduction. Associated signs encompass excessive thirst, frequent urination, and profound fatigue. Timely intervention with monitoring and treatment prevents complications.

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Gastrointestinal disorders, such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, impair nutrient absorption. Food intake fails to translate into sustenance, resulting in caloric loss. Symptoms often include abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and bloating, necessitating specialized evaluation. Certain malignancies must also be considered, as tumors can elevate metabolic demands or diminish appetite via systemic inflammation. Unintentional weight loss accompanied by night sweats, palpable masses, or chronic exhaustion warrants immediate medical attention. At Aakash Healthcare, advanced imaging and diagnostic protocols facilitate early detection and intervention.

Chronic Infections

Chronic infections, including tuberculosis or HIV, contribute to increasing energy expenditure in immune responses. Indicators such as persistent cough, fever, or lymphadenopathy may coexist, requiring targeted testing and therapy. Psychological factors, including chronic stress, anxiety, or depression, can suppress appetite and alter eating patterns. Professional counseling and support often restore balance. Additionally, certain medications (e.g., stimulants or specific antidepressants), substance use, or hormonal transitions in women, such as menopause, may precipitate weight changes.

Recommended Actions

Monitor body weight consistently and document any symptoms, such as alterations in energy levels or bowel habits. Consult a healthcare professional promptly for comprehensive assessments, including blood analyses, thyroid function tests, and imaging as needed. Facilities like Aakash Healthcare offer specialised diagnostics to identify and address root causes effectively. Unexplained weight loss serves as a critical alert from the body. Prompt evaluation ensures timely resolution and safeguards long-term well-being.