Common Types of Fractures and First Aid

Dr.Bharat Bahre, 3 mins read

A fracture is a crack in the bone caused by a variety of reasons, such as falls, road accidents or sports injuries. There are several types of fracture based on the severity of the crack and symptoms. Each has its own symptoms and treatment options. So, let’s learn more about them and know essential first aid for each type.

Closed fracture:
A closed fracture, also known as a simple fracture, refers to a bone break that doesn’t penetrate the skin. Its symptoms include pain, swelling and bruising in the affected area. In such cases, immobilise the injured area to prevent further damage and call an ambulance immediately.

Open fracture:
An open fracture, also known as a compound fracture, occurs when the broken bone penetrates through the skin. It is more severe and has a higher risk of infection. Its symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, bleeding and visible bone. Try to stop the bleeding by applying pressure on the wound and covering it with a clean cloth or bandage. Immobilise the injured area and immediately seek medical attention.

Greenstick fracture:
A greenstick fracture is a type of incomplete fracture. In this type, the bone is bent but not completely broken. It is more common in children because their bones are more flexible compared to adults.

A greenstick fracture can cause pain and swelling in the injured area. In such a situation, it’s best to immobilise the injured area and immediately call an ambulance for help

Hairline fracture:
A hairline fracture, also known as a stress fracture, refers to a small crack in the bone. These cracks are not immediately visible on an X-ray. Patients usually complain of pain and tenderness. For first aid, take adequate rest and avoid putting weight on the injured area. It’s important to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Comminuted fracture:
A comminuted fracture happens when the bone breaks into multiple pieces. It is the most severe type of fracture and often requires surgical intervention. It causes symptoms like severe swelling, pain and deformity. In such situations, immobilise the injured area, immediately call an ambulance and ask someone for help.

Specific first aid techniques for every type of fracture
These techniques are divided into three steps:

Step 1 - Immobilize: Whenever you get a fracture, keep the injured area supported and still to prevent further damage. Support the injured area using splints, slings or other supporting devices that are available to you.

Step 2 - Cold therapy: Swelling is one of the common symptoms of fracture. To reduce swelling and discomfort, it is good to apply a cold pack or ice wrapped in a cloth at the injured site.

Step 3 - Elevation: Elevate the injured area above the heart level to reduce swelling and promote healing.

Step 4 - Medical attention: Immediately call an ambulance for medical help. Meanwhile, ask someone nearby for help till professional medical help arrives.

Important note
Remember first aid for fractures is only meant to provide temporary relief and prevent further damage. It is not the treatment. So, always rush to a hospital or call an ambulance to seek prompt diagnosis and treatment.

At Aakash Healthcare, we have a team of bone and joint specialists and sports medicine experts who have gained excellence in treating all kinds of fractures. Our Orthopaedics department has earned an international reputation due to our top-notch services. Patients from over 45 countries have received care from us and are living a happy life with their loved ones.