Feeling itchiness or irritation in eyes? It could be conjunctivitis.

Dr.Vidya Chaudhry, 4 mins read

In the past few days, especially after heavy rain and flooding in many regions, there has been a sudden outbreak of an eye flu known as conjunctivitis. The infection is characterised by inflammation of a transparent membrane in the eye called the conjunctiva.

It is highly contagious and spreads when eyes come in contact with an organism such as a virus or bacteria. Some are also calling it the ‘New Covid Like Epidemic’ because it is spreading rapidly and has affected several people across the country.

The condition causes the whites of the eyes to appear pink or reddish. That’s why this condition is also known as ‘Pink Eye’. This happens because of swelling and irritation to the small blood vessels in the conjunctiva.

Though it’s not a new disease, this time, the infection strain is more virulent and is causing severe symptoms. That’s why we need to keep a check on ourselves. If you are experiencing swelling, itchiness or anything unusual in your eyes, contact an ophthalmologist.

Symptoms

• Itchiness or irritation in the eyes
• Reddish or pink eye
• Stickiness of the eye
• Watery discharge from the eyes
• Photophobia - sensitivity to light
• Haemorrhages (blood spots) in the eyes
• In severe cases, one can have intense swelling and difficulty opening the infected eye.

Causes

Conjunctivitis is usually caused by viruses or bacteria. As monsoon is a perfect breeding time for bacteria because of humidity and waterlogging, more and more cases are recorded every day. Unhygienic practices also contribute to the increased burden of cases.

How is it spreading?

As discussed earlier, conjunctivitis spreads by touching the eyes with infected hands. When someone with conjunctivitis touches any surface or object, it becomes contaminated. When the other person touches the infected object and then touches his eyes, he gets the infection. It’s also important to note that it doesn’t spread by looking into the infected person’s eyes and through the air.

Which age group is most affected?

So far the data shows that most cases are from younger age groups. Thus, it’s important to educate your children about hand hygiene practices so that they can take care of themselves in school. Children with the infection should not be sent to school

What are the complications of conjunctivitis?

Sometimes the infection can involve the coronal (the transparent structure of the eye) that can lead to blurred vision. If not treated properly this can lead to vision problems. Chronic dry eye is a complication of severe conjunctivitis. Membranes can form on the surface of the conjunctiva and cause damage to the glands that prevent dry eye.

What to do after diagnosing with Pink Eye?

Conjunctivitis spreads just like the common cold. So, after diagnosing with a pink eye, isolate yourself. Frequently wash your hands under running water using soap and strictly follow hygiene practices. You can also use a sanitiser. Apart from this, whenever you clean your eyes, always use tissue paper. After cleaning, throw the tissue paper in the dustbin. Separate your pillows, bedding, blankets, spectacles and other personal things. This will prevent further spread of the infection.

If your child is infected with this condition, don’t send them to school or college. Keep them at home for two to three days until their condition improves. Not only does this prevent spread, but also allows your child to heal better and faster. Avoid going to crowded places.

Treatment

The doctor can advise a combination of medicines. You may need to use lubricating eye drops or artificial tears. This will help maintain moisture in the eyes. Applying cold compress several times a day and frequently cleaning your eyelids with a wet and clean towel can benefit you. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to reduce the severity, prevent complications and reduce the duration of infection, especially in bacterial conjunctivitis. The doctor may prescribe you other treatments based on your condition and symptoms. If you use contact lenses, you will be advised to avoid them till you heal properly. It is important to see a doctor so that appropriate and adequate treatment can be initiated.

Prevention

Following are the ways to prevent yourself or your loved ones from conjunctivitis:

• Avoid going to crowded areas till the cases curve down
• Clean your eyeglasses before wearing them
• Avoid touching your eyes without washing your hands properly
• Don’t share your handkerchief, towels or any other personal item with anyone.
• Keep your bedsheet, pillow cover and blanket clean.
• Do not share eye makeup with anyone