Is Popcorn Lung curable? Everything you should know

Dr.Akshay Budhraja, 2 mins read

Popcorn lung is a rare lung disease that causes damage to the bronchioles. This condition is also known as constrictive bronchiolitis and obliterative bronchiolitis. Though it’s not curable, it can be managed well by getting timely treatment. This blog will discuss this condition in detail. 

What is Popcorn Lung?

Our respiratory system consists of the nose, mouth, throat, voice box, diaphragm, lungs, and airways (trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles). The primary function of this system is to breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. 

Bronchioles have a special role in this. They are the smallest airways inside the lungs. These bronchioles carry air to and from the diffuse network of over 300 million alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs where the lungs and blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Exposure to certain chemicals or smoke or having a lung infection, autoimmune disease or rejection of transplanted lungs can harm these bronchioles. It starts with inflammation, which gradually turns to scarring. 

Bronchioles usually heal on their own. However, significant inflammation can cause thick scarring, which requires medical intervention. This condition is called popcorn lung. If not managed on time, it can block the bronchioles and affect the air delivery. Over time, this can lead to respiratory failure.   

What are its common symptoms?

• Coughing during and after exercising (sometimes with mucus)
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Tiredness
• Fever 
• Skin rash
• Night sweats

Why is it named Popcorn Lung?

The disease got its name from the industry where it was first observed, namely a microwave popcorn factory. The workers had inhaled diacetyl, a flavouring agent used to impart a buttery taste to popcorn. This flavouring agent is also found in vapes or e-cigarettes. Researchers also found a few cases at a coffee roasting plant.  

Who is at more risk? 

People who are exposed to certain chemicals found in some industries and e-cigarettes or vapes are more vulnerable. Some chemicals associated with popcorn lung may include acetaldehyde, ammonia, chlorine, diacetyl, formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid, etc. Besides, certain medical conditions, such as respiratory infections, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, rheumatic conditions, and lung transplants, can also put someone at risk.  

Management and Treatment of Popcorn Lung 

Popcorn lung is a serious disease, and its reversal is not always possible. Management is a common recommendation. The earlier it is diagnosed, the better the prognosis. The first thing in management is to stop exposure to the chemical or address the underlying complications. 

Apart from this, the doctor may recommend medications to reduce inflammation, an inhaler, and oxygen therapy. Rarely, in severe cases, the doctor suggests a lung transplant.      

If you or someone you know is suffering from popcorn lung, consult us at Aakash Healthcare.