COPD: Understanding the Disease That Affects Every Breath

Dr.Akshay Budhraja, 2 mins read

Breathing is something we rarely think about until it becomes difficult. Across many communities, particularly in crowded cities and industrial areas, people often complain of long-lasting cough, breathlessness, or tiredness even after small activities like walking or climbing stairs. Many ignore these early signs, assuming that it can be because of pollution, age, or just a stubborn cough. But for a growing number of people, these symptoms signal something more serious: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). As COPD Day reminds us each year, awareness is the first step toward better lung health.

What Is COPD?

COPD stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a long-term lung condition that makes it difficult to breathe. It mainly includes two problems, chronic bronchitis, where the airways become swollen and filled with mucus, and emphysema, where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged. Over a period of time, these changes reduce the lungs’ ability to move air in and out, causing a constant feeling of breathlessness.

Who Is at Risk?

The most common cause of COPD is smoking, but even non-smokers can develop it. People who are exposed to air pollution, chemical fumes, dust, biomass fuel smoke, or secondhand smoke are also at high risk. In many households, especially in rural areas, cooking over firewood or chulhas in poorly ventilated rooms puts women at danger of lung diseases, including COPD. Poor air quality, increasing smog levels, and occupational exposure also add to the burden.

Symptoms to Watch For:

• Persistent cough 
• Frequent mucus production
  
• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity
  
• Wheezing or noisy breathing
  
• Feeling tired easily
  
• Repeated chest infections
  

How Is COPD Diagnosed?

A simple breathing test called spirometry can confirm COPD. It measures how much air a person can blow out and how quickly. Doctors may also suggest X-rays, CT scans, or blood tests. Early diagnosis helps slow down the disease and improves quality of life.

Treatment Options

Although COPD cannot be fully cured, it can be managed effectively. Treatment usually involves:

• Inhalers: These are the devices designed to open the airways and reduce swelling.
  
• Medications: They are used to control symptoms and prevent flare-ups.
  
• Pulmonary rehabilitation: It involves exercises and breathing techniques that strengthen the lungs.
  
• Oxygen therapy:  This is prescribed for people with very low oxygen levels.
  
• Lifestyle changes: Quitting smoking and avoiding triggers can bring big changes.
  

Importance of Awareness

COPD is one of the leading causes of disability and death across the globe, yet many people don’t know they have it until it becomes severe. On COPD Day, we should encourage everyone especially smokers, elderly individuals, and people exposed to pollution to pay attention to their lung health. Early detection can prevent years of struggle and allow people to live healthier, more active lives. 

If you have any query related to COPD, you can visit Aakash Healthcare Super Speciality Hospital, Dwarka, and consult our expert pulmonologist for the best advice and treatment guidance.

Also Read: 10 ways to keep your LUNGS Healthy