Understanding Eczema: A Guide for Patients and Caregivers

Dr.Kanu Verma, 3 mins read

What is Eczema?

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a condition that causes your skin to become dry, itchy, and bumpy. It disrupts the skin’s natural barrier, which helps retain moisture and protect the body from external elements. It is a type of dermatitis, a group of conditions that result in skin inflammation.

Types:

There are several types of eczema, each with its own unique triggers that can impact the skin’s barrier:

• Atopic dermatitis
• Contact dermatitis
• Dyshidrotic eczema
• Neurodermatitis
• Nummular eczema
• Seborrheic dermatitis

It is possible for someone to have more than one type of eczema at the same time.

Eczema in India

Over the past 30 years, the prevalence of eczema in India has significantly increased. Studies show that 2.5% of 6-7-year-olds, 3.5% of 13-14-year-olds, and 9.9% of adults in India experience eczema. Another study revealed that 5-15% of school children and 2-10% of adults are affected.

It is more common in younger people, with most cases appearing during childhood and continuing into adulthood. One can may be at higher risk if he has a family history of dermatitis, allergies, hay fever, or asthma.

Symptoms of Eczema

Common symptoms include:

• Dry, itchy skin
• Rashes and skin bumps
• Thick, leathery patches
• Flaky, scaly, or crusty skin
• Swelling

The appearance of eczema can vary based on skin tone. On darker skin tones, rashes may appear purple, brown, or gray. On lighter skin tones, they often look pink, red, or purple. The most commonly affected areas include the hands, ankles, neck, elbows, feet, face, lips, ears, and even sensitive areas like nipples, breasts, and the genital region.

Causes of Eczema

Eczema results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors:

Genetic Factors:

• Filaggrin gene mutation: This affects the skin’s ability to repair itself.
• Family history: Eczema often runs in families.

Environmental Triggers:

• Irritants: Soaps, detergents, pollen, dust mites, or pet dander.
• Temperature changes: Hot or cold weather can trigger flare-ups.
• Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, menopause, or menstrual cycles can cause symptoms to worsen.
• Stress: Emotional stress often triggers flare-ups.
• Dry climates or skin infections (like staph infections) can also worsen eczema.

Managing Eczema

While eczema can’t be cured, it can be effectively managed with a combination of treatments and home care practices:

Skin Care at Home:

• Use moisturizers to relieve itchiness and dryness. Look for products free of alcohol, scents, dyes, or other irritants.
• Apply moisturizer 2-3 times a day, especially after bathing. Petroleum jelly is a good option.
• Keep your nails trimmed to avoid scratching. If nighttime scratching is an issue, try wearing light gloves.
• Use a humidifier at home to maintain moisture in the air, but ensure it’s cleaned regularly.

Avoid Triggers:

• Stay away from irritants like wool, lanolin, or harsh soaps and detergents.
• Avoid sudden temperature changes and manage stress, as both can worsen symptoms.

Bathing Tips:

• Keep baths short and use lukewarm water instead of hot.
• Use gentle body washes or just water; harsh soaps can irritate the skin.
• After bathing, pat your skin dry gently and immediately apply a moisturizing ointment to seal in moisture.
• Medical Treatments

For more severe eczema, your doctor may recommend treatments such as:

• Prescription steroid creams, lotions, or gels.
• Specialized dressings for intense flare-ups.
• Oral or injectable medications for advanced cases.

At Aakash Healthcare, our expert team is here to provide personalized treatment plans to help you manage eczema and improve your quality of life. You deserve the best care, and we are committed to helping you every step of the way.